README.md

# sha1collisiondetection
Library and command line tool to detect SHA-1 collisions in files

Copyright 2017 Marc Stevens <marc@marc-stevens.nl>

Distributed under the MIT Software License.

See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.

## Developers

- Marc Stevens, CWI Amsterdam (https://marc-stevens.nl)
- Dan Shumow, Microsoft Research (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/danshu/)

## About
This library and command line tool were designed as near drop-in replacements for common SHA-1 libraries and sha1sum.
They will compute the SHA-1 hash of any given file and additionally will detect cryptanalytic collision attacks against SHA-1 present in each file. It is very fast and takes less than twice the amount of time as regular SHA-1.

More specifically they will detect any cryptanalytic collision attack against SHA-1 using any of the top 32 SHA-1 disturbance vectors with probability 1:
```
    I(43,0), I(44,0), I(45,0), I(46,0), I(47,0), I(48,0), I(49,0), I(50,0), I(51,0), I(52,0),
    I(46,2), I(47,2), I(48,2), I(49,2), I(50,2), I(51,2),
    II(45,0), II(46,0), II(47,0), II(48,0), II(49,0), II(50,0), II(51,0), II(52,0), II(53,0), II(54,0), II(55,0), II(56,0),
    II(46,2), II(49,2), II(50,2), II(51,2)
```
The possibility of false positives can be neglected as the probability is smaller than 2^-90.

The library supports both an indicator flag that applications can check and act on, as well as a special _safe-hash_ mode that returns the real SHA-1 hash when no collision was detected and a different _safe_ hash when a collision was detected.
Colliding files will have the same SHA-1 hash, but will have different unpredictable safe-hashes.
This essentially enables protection of applications against SHA-1 collisions with no further changes in the application, e.g., digital signature forgeries based on SHA-1 collisions automatically become invalid.

For the theoretical explanation of collision detection see the award-winning paper on _Counter-Cryptanalysis_:

Counter-cryptanalysis, Marc Stevens, CRYPTO 2013, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8042, Springer, 2013, pp. 129-146,
https://marc-stevens.nl/research/papers/C13-S.pdf

## Compiling

Run:
```
make
```

## Command-line usage

There are two programs `bin/sha1dcsum` and `bin/sha1dcsum_partialcoll`.
The first program `bin/sha1dcsum` will detect and warn for files that were generated with a cryptanalytic SHA-1 collision attack like the one documented at https://shattered.io/.
The second program `bin/sha1dcsum_partialcoll` will detect and warn for files that were generated with a cryptanalytic collision attack against reduced-round SHA-1 (of which there are a few examples so far).

Examples:
```
bin/sha1dcsum test/sha1_reducedsha_coll.bin test/shattered-1.pdf
bin/sha1dcsum_partialcoll test/sha1reducedsha_coll.bin test/shattered-1.pdf
```

## Library usage

See the documentation in `lib/sha1.h`. Here is a simple example code snippet:
```
#include <sha1dc/sha1.h>

SHA1_CTX ctx;
unsigned char hash[20];
SHA1DCInit(&ctx);

/** disable safe-hash mode (safe-hash mode is enabled by default) **/
// SHA1DCSetSafeHash(&ctx, 0);
/** disable use of unavoidable attack conditions to speed up detection (enabled by default) **/
// SHA1DCSetUseUBC(&ctx, 0); 

SHA1DCUpdate(&ctx, buffer, (unsigned)(size));

int iscoll = SHA1DCFinal(hash,&ctx);
if (iscoll)
    printf("collision detected");
else
    printf("no collision detected");
```